Saturday, December 13, 2008

Epidemiology of TB

Date: 3rd december 2008, Wednesday
Presenter: T.Thanabalan, Menaga, Uma Maheswary
Lecturer: Prof.K.A.Narayan
TB is the major concern of our nation. TB case are on the rise in Malaysia and especially in our Kedah state reported cases are increasing year by year.So our seminar is to give the information on TB in Malaysia to the class.Our seminar outline was:
Intro of TB
Stastics of TB cases in Malaysia
TB in migrants
diagnosis
Treatment catogories
First line drugs
DOTS
Patient monitoring
Patient notification
Compliance
Defaulter tracing
TB in HIV
Multi drug resistant TB
Prevention
During the presentation, Prof has pointed out our mistakes and gave us some suggestions to improve on this topic.This topic will be presented again after our DHO posting.

Wednesday, December 10, 2008

Daily review - 9th Dec 2008

Class started at 8.30am today. Not much of activities carried out today as most of the time was allocated for questionnaire development. We were divided into groups of eight and each group is preparing for a topic in the general survey. Dr Sapna and Prof Narayan both came to assist us throughout the questionnaire development. Comments were given for the questionnaires that were prepared by each group.

In the afternoon, there was a visiting lecturer, Dr. Muthusamy, an ophthalmologist, came and gave a lecture on diabetic retinopathy. Class dismissed around 4.30pm.

Saturday, December 6, 2008

Family planning seminar

Date : 5th Dec 2008

Presenters : Kishanraj & Kishore Kumaar

Attending Lecture : Dr. Kay

The family planning presentation was made to outline the various aspects of family planning . Emphasis was given to family planning in Malaysia; the methods used in Malaysia, the Pros and Cons, and the various bodies involved with family planning in Malaysia. The introduction included the benefits of family planning for the mother, child, family and the community as a whole, definition of family planning , the maternal mortality rate, infant mortality rate in Malaysia, and graphs depicting the uses of contraceptives in Malaysia and the fertility rate in Malaysia over the years. The various methods of family planning were classified into natural and artificial methods. Their methods of use, advantages and disadvantages were then discussed. Following this, international policies and national policies on family planning were explained. The presentation then moved on to the bodies involved with family planning in Malaysia, which were governmental and non-governmental organisation. The government implemented its policies via LPPKN (National Population and Family Development Board). The organisation chart, their aims and services provided were discussed. The NGO playing an active role in family planning in Malaysia is FFPAM (Federation of Family Planning Associations, Malaysia). Their organisation chart, aims and how these aims were achieved were explained in detail. FFPAM's focal points of work emphasize on Access, Adolescent, Advocacy, AIDS/HIV, and Abortion. The presentation was ended with a conclusion of all aspects covered.

Friday, December 5, 2008

Daily Review - 05 Dec 2008

Today was the last day for the seminars and there was three topics covered.
The first topic was on Family Planning presented by Kishore and Kishan,The lecturer present was Dr.Kay. The topic was covered extensively by both the presenters and a special note was mentioned on the role of non government organization and HIV/AIDS prevalence in Malaysia.

The second topic was presented by Parames, Rohini and Rathi on Diarrheal Diseases. The lecturer present was Dr.Kay. It was filled with charts and graphs explaining the prevalence of diarrheal disease in Malalysia and also prevention methods on hygiene.Types of diarrhea was also discussed widely by the presenters.

The third presentation was on Occupational Health and Dr.Rashid was the lecturer present. The presenter, Nithya, did an excellent job on the presentation by giving vital information on the topic,definition,types,causes and prevention of occupational hazards was informed.Dr.Rashid then mentioned certain points that are vital for the topic,

Afternoon session was started by a talk by Prof Narayan on Methods Of Research. It was a very useful talk as it gave a brief overview on the importance of research. Later we started to discuss about the survey topics and a huge list was written covering various aspects of medicine. We were told to prepare questionnaire on general survey in the Epi-info and to be done by Tuesday. We then finished the session at 5pm sharp

Primary Health Care Seminar

Thursday, December 4, 2008 Time: 8am-10am

Venue: Leature Theatre 1

Guest Lecturer: Dr. Jamilah

Lecturer: Dr. Sapna

Presenters: Li Chean Wen/ Lau Teik Beng/ Lim Wai Kuan/ Joanne Shalini-Group B

Seminar Outline

1. Introduction of primary health care

  • WHO Definitions
  • Why do we need it?
  • 8 Elements of basic health care
  • Referral System of primary health care
  • 4 Principles
  • Personnel in-charge

2. Primary Health Care in Malaysia

  • Background
  • Organization
  • Physical infrastructure
  • Financial support
  • Health management and Information system (HMIS)
  • Outcome of primary health care
  • Indicators of Primary Health Care
  • Success
  • Examples
    • Mobile Health Team
    • Village Health Promoter
    • Primary Health Care Volunteer
  • Challenges

This seminar is to give an introduction of Primary Health Care in Malaysia to Batch 8 before entering District Health Office posting. Information was gathered mainly from the materials given by Prof. Narayan. Our group was under the guidance of Dr. Sapna for preparation of the seminar. At the end of the seminar, Dr. Jamilah commented that the seminar was a success in giving a brief introduction regarding Primary Health Care. However, further details of the topic should be noted during the posting.

Future Learning Objectives

  • Personnel in charge
    • How many people involved?
    • What is the qualification needed?
    • What are the job responsibilities?
  • Details and services of primary health care
  • What are the specific programmes?
  • What are the Specific clinics and the expanded scope?
    • Adolescence health clinic
    • Women wellness clinic
    • Men wellness clinic
  • What are the common screening programmes?
  • Community psychosocial rehabilitation center
  • What are the challenges
    • Non communicable disease-diabetes, heart disease, hypertension
    • Infectious disease-HIV, dengue
    • Mental health
  • What are the specific indicators for health status monitoring?

Health Infrastructure Seminar

Date : 2/12/2008

Presented by:

1) Darren Liaw Jian Wen

2) Dhanyakumari A/P Pramakumar

3) Tey Kai Jun

4) Valli A/P Ragunathan

Lecturer : Dr. Sawri

Seminar outline

The topic Health Infrastructure mainly focuses on entire management of Ministry of Health in Malaysia. It enabled us to understand the backbone of Health Ministry. We explained the health infrastructure in different level in which include federal level, state level and also district level. The chart organization of health infrastructure in federal level (whole Malaysia), state level (Kedah state) and district level were explained during the presentation. We focused on health infrastructure in Kedah state since we are posted at Kedah state. The state ministry divided into management, medicine, pharmaceutical, dental, public health and nursing departments. Through this presentation, it enabled us to understand the responsibilities of each department and the staffs that responsible for the departments. In addition, the units under public health also were introduced and this would help us to understand the system of public health before our district posting. However, there are informations that we need to get during our district posting to have a comprehensive understanding of the health infrastructure especially the public health department. At the end, we would like to thank our lecturer Dr Sawri and we appreciate faithfully for his guidance.

Health Infrastructure

Learning Objectives

Ø Public health for each unit : we must know

1) infrastructure

2) activities

3) staffs that responsible

4) budget/allocation

· Family Health Unit

- For postnatal visit : how they make the visit?

- What immunization are given for child?

- How to advice pregnant women with illness (e.g. anemia, diabetes mellitus)? What food should she take and avoid?

· Food Quality Control Unit

- Forms (borang) used in this unit

- How long does it take to get the result of food quality testing?

- What does the unit do when they visit/check the food stall?

- Food Act : include smoking

§ What are the laws about smoking?

§ How much fine we need to pay if smoke in public?

§ If we do not pay the fine, then what is the punishment?

· Water Quality Control Unit

- How to take the sample properly?

- How does it processed?

- How long does it take to get the result of food quality testing?

· Communicable Disease Control Unit

- How was it controlled? What strategies are used?

- Focus on cholera, dengue, food poisoning, tuberculosis

· Non Communicable Disease Control Unit

- What does the government plan for controlling it? ( DM, hypertension…)

· Occupation and Environmental Health Section (KPAS)

- Who are benefit from this unit?

- What problems do the workers face in occupational setting? How to overcome it?

- What safe precautions should be taken in working setting?

· Health promotion unit

- What activities or programs for health promotion are carried out or planned?

· HIV/AIDS Programme and PROSTAR

- What strategies are used?

- How it was monitored?

- Where they get the money from?

- How far it is successful?

· Health laws

- What are the health laws for each state?

§ For latest(9th) Malaysia plan, how much it was allocated for health sector development?

v Other given learning objectives have been presented by other groups : the topic of food quality control, water supply and sanitation, maternal and child health.

Thursday, December 4, 2008

Daily Review - 04 Dec 2008

We entered the 4th day of community medicine and seminars continued as usual. There were 4 seminars held and all were really top class :
Topic 1 - Primary health care
Topic 2 - Water Supply & Sanitation
Topic 3 - Geriatric health
Topic 4 - Child health
Now we'll go into each aspects of every seminar and have a further insight of what other relevant points which should be added in order to make the presentation more complete.
Seminar 1 :
Wai Kuan, Chean Wen, Teik Beng and Joanne presented on this topic. The moderator was Dr.Kay. At the end of the session, a few questions were put forward to the students which required us to find answers from further reference. Further learning outcomes, objectives and comments will be dealt in greater detail by the blog posted by the presenters.
However, at the end of the seminar, Dr.Kay took attendance and found it really disappointing when some students had given proxy signatures. Thus, she told that this current situation should not be continued further and students should take attendance as a serious matter.
Seminar 2 :
Melissa, Vishalini & Surendran presented on this topic. The moderator was Dr.Sapna. It was a rather long presentation. However, the content of the presentation was of appraisal as the presenters had put in alot of effort to gather the information. Hats of to them !
The take home message from this seminar was that this topic will be dealt in both village posting and district posting and therefore students should be able to conduct a study about water supply & sanitation in both these areas and to identify the differences in both places.
Immediately after this seminar, we dispersed for lunch break from 12pm to 2pm.
Seminar 3 :
Mei Yi, Ee Chau, Yong Jia & Chee Coa presented this topic. The moderator was Dr.Rashid. After the presentation, Dr.Rashid told us to list some of the major illness found in old folks home as this could also be a very important exam question. The discussion continued further with some explanation on Barthel Score for Activity of Daily Living ( ADL), Elderly Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire ( ECAQ), & Geriatric Depression Scale.
Seminar 4 :
Sonya, Nilesh & Thanaletchumi presented on this topic. The moderator was supposed to be Dr.Sapna, however Dr.Narayan moderated the presentation due to some sudden changes at the end. Before beginning the presentation, he reitterated the importance of attendance to us. He also highlighted the serious consequences which the students are liable to face if they lack attendance. For example, students may just be barred from examinations without even any prior notice, and this has happened to some students in other batches. So, Beware students!! He also told that he found even more serious offence when some students gave proxy for students who are absent. This may lead to both sides being penalized. Hope this is the last time such incidence occur. No more repetition please. Enough is enough.
Dr.Narayan then resumed the session. He explained on the immunization and growth chart card. Further learning objectives, outcomes, & comments will be posted by the presenters. The session ended around 4.30pm.
Great day guys!!

Epidemiology Of Noncommunicable Diseases

Presenters - Logesvaran s/o Murugan, Nagarajan s/o Selvarajoo, Neelvily d/o Ponusamy
Moderator - Prof. Rashid Khan
Date - 2/12/08
Time - 10.30a.m - 11.30a.m

Seminar Outline

- Introduction on Noncommunicable Disease (NCD)

  • Definition of Communicable Disease and Noncommunicable disease
  • Epidemiology of Noncommunicable Disease in the world
  • Characteristics of NCD
  • Etiology of NCD - Multicausation Disease Model
  • Trend Of NCD in Malaysia
  • 6 Major NCD in Malaysia - IHD, Mental illness, Stroke, RTA, Cancer, Asthma, DM

- Breast Cancer
- Cervical Cancer
- Ischemic heart disease
- Hypertension
- Diabetes Mellitus

* All the topics explained in the format of brief introduction, magnitude of the problem in Malaysia and pre-pathogenesis.

- Prevention and control of the major NCD in Malaysia

  • Types of prevention - Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
  • Examples of the prevention and control measures for some of the diseases


Learning Objective

Learning objectives that was derived from the seminar are:

  1. What is the statistic of NCD in Malaysia?
  2. The latest statistics (2007) for cancer, hypertension, IHD and DM.
  3. Why people are not compliant to the medication?
  4. Elaborate how prevention and control of NCD carried out in Malaysia.